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| Name |
 Young-Won Kim |
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| Subject | elements, near(ly), close(ly), godly, 'free gift?' free(ly), gam, 'double passive' abhominable, likely/liable |
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22. elements
* When articulating "wind" "rudiment" or "Eucharist" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "elements" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
** "element" is /T word. (element/T + s/S) is pronounced as element (without "s" which is silenced).
23. near(ly), almost
 http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_/almost.html ,
Word Usage
most for almost?
Though most is often used in oral and informal settings as a synonym for almost, it is best to avoid this use in formal writing because many critics regard it as much too informal. Thus, it is wise to write Almost everyone was invited rather than Most everyone was invited.
* When articulating "near" (of adverb) or "close" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "nearly" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "nearly" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /S/Ch/abT speaking posture, "almost" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
And when articulating "almost" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/abR speaking posture, "most" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
24. close(ly)
* When articulating "closely" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "close" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
25. godly/reverently
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/godly ,
Main Entry: god•ly
Function: adjective
— god•li•ness noun
— godly adverb archaic
* When articulating "reverently" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "godly" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
25. free gift?
http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_/gift.html ,
Word Usage
Marketers are fond of the expression free gift, but because any gift worthy of its name is free, the result of using the two words together is unnecessary and should be avoided.
* When articulating "gift" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "free gift" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
26. free(ly)
* When articulating "freely" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "free" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
27. gam
http://www.answers.com/topic/gam ,
n. A social visit or friendly interchange, especially between whalers or seafarers.
A herd of whales or a social congregation of whalers, especially at sea. See synonyms at flock1.
v., gammed, gam•ming, gams.
v.intr. To hold a visit, especially while at sea.
v.tr. To visit with.
To spend (time) talking or visiting.
[Perhaps short for GAMMON2 or variant of GAME1.]
gam2 (găm)
n. Slang. A person's leg.
[Probably from Polari (theatrical argot), from Italian gamba, from Late Latin, hoof. See gambol.]
* When articulating "leg" with/from English /T speaking posture, "gam" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
gam : (visit/T + s/S), (whale/T + s/S) <<collective noun (style)>>
That is, (visit/T + s/S) or (whale/T + s/S) is pronounced as "gam".
* When articulating "visit" or "spend" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "gam" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
28. double passive: "sought to be obtained"
http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_/passive.html ,
Word Usage
The passive voice:
In the active voice, the subject of the verb is the one who does the action described by the verb, and the object is the one acted upon: The waiters will collect the plates.
In the passive voice, this situation is reversed: the subject of the verb is the one acted upon by the verb, and the one who does the action - if mentioned at all - is relegated to a separate phrase, typically beginning with by: The plates will be collected by the waiters.
The passive can be used for a variety of purposes; for example, if the identity of the doer of the action is unknown, if the writer desires to conceal the identity of the doer of the action, as in The vase was broken, or if the writer wants to put special emphasis on the object or the action rather than on the doer of the action, as in The bomb was defused by experts.
Formal writing uses the passive more frequently than informal writing, and the passive is normal style in some scientific and technical writing. However, in many contexts too much use of the passive can seem wordy or pompous, whereas the active is more direct and preferable. Compare: Electrical appliances may be found on the fourth floor with You can find electrical appliances on the fourth floor, or Electrical appliances are on the fourth floor.
Avoid mixing passive and active voices in sentences like this: Our commuter railroad needs more money for major improvements, and it will probably be raised by fare increases. Say instead: Our commuter railroad needs more money for major improvements, and will probably raise it by fare increases.
A less commonly encountered but awkward construction is called the double passive. The writer has inserted two passive constructions close together in the same sentence: No legal remedy was sought to be obtained by the victim. Avoid such constructions and say instead The victim did not seek to obtain any legal remedy, or even The victim did not seek any legal remedy.
Re: Article of "need/ought to, present v. complement, bare inf.?? passive v. relative" <<Column 4. Active/passive voice>>
The mouse was eaten by the cat. << ^The cat^ ate/SCN (the mouse)/PRM.
The mouse was eaten. << ^The cat^ ate the/PRM mouse/SCN.
>> No legal remedy was sought to be obtained by the victim.
* When articulating "sought" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "sought to be obtained" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
No legal remedy was sought by the victim.
>> The victim did not seek to obtain any legal remedy.
* When articulating "try" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "seek" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
The victim did not try to obtain any legal remedy.
The victim did not try any legal remedy.
** "^The victim^ did/SCN not try to obtain (any legal remedy)/PRM." (or "^The victim^ did/SCN not try (any legal remedy)/PRM.") is pronounced as "Any legal remedy was not tried by the victim."
* When articulating "try to obtain" (as one word; that is, continuously, without pause) with/from English /S speaking posture, "try" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
I try to fix the car. >> I try fixing the car. >> I try fixing ^of^ the car.
^I^ try/SCN (fixing ^of^ the car)/PRM. >> Fixing of the car is tried by me.
^I^ try fixing/PRM ^of^ (the car)/SCN. >> Fixing of the car is tried.
That is, "fixing ^of^ the car" in/as object (phrase) is pronounced as "fixing the car" (with silence for "of"); but, "fixing ^of^ the car" in/as subject (phrase) is pronounced as "fixing of the car" with silence.
29. abhominable, abominable, abholish
http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_/abominable.html ,
Word History
Between the 14th and the 17th centuries abominable was often spelled abhominable because of a widely held belief that it was derived from Latin ab hominem, literally "away from humankind," hence "unnatural, beastly." Shakespeare puns on this sense when Hamlet speaks of incompetent actors who "imitate humanity abominably."
http://www.answers.com/topic/abhominable ,
a. Abominable. Note: [A false orthography anciently used; h was foisted into various words; hence abholish, for abolish, etc.]
This is abhominable, which he [Don Armado] would call abominable.
Shak. Love's Labor's Lost, v. 1.
* When articulating "abominable" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "abhominable" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
And when articulating "abolish" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "abholish" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
30. likely/comprehensibly, likely/liable/apt
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/likely ,
Usage Note: Used as an adverb likely is most commonly preceded by a modifier such as very or quite: He will quite likely require some help with his classes. But the unmodified use of likely is common enough in educated writing, and though it might be better avoided in highly formal style, it should not be regarded as incorrect: They'll likely buy a new car this year. See Usage Note at liable.
USAGE When using likely as an adverb, it is usual to precede it by another, intensifying, adverb such as very or most, for example it will most likely rain. The use of likely as an adverb without an intensifier, for example it will likely rain, is considered nonstandard in British English, though it is common in colloquial US English.
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/liable ,
Usage Note: Liable, apt, and likely are often used interchangeably in constructions with infinitives, as in Zach is liable to lose, Zach is apt to lose, and Zach is likely to lose, but the three words have subtle distinctions in meaning. A traditional rule holds that liable should be used only if the subject would be adversely affected by the outcome expressed by the infinitive. The rule therefore permits Tim is liable to fall out of his chair if he doesn't sit up straight but not The chair is liable to be slippery, though constructions of the latter type have long been common in reputable writing. •Apt usually suggests that the subject has a natural tendency enhancing the probability of an outcome and that the speaker is somewhat apprehensive about the outcome. Thus apt is more naturally used in a sentence like The fuel pump is apt to give out at any minute than in Even the clearest instructions are apt to be misinterpreted by those idiots (since the instructions are not at fault) or in The fuel pump is apt to give you no problems for the life of the car (since there is no reason that the speaker should regard such an outcome as unfortunate). •Likely is more general than either liable or apt. It ascribes no particular property to the subject that would enhance the probability of the outcome. Thus, while John is apt to lose the election may suggest that the loss will result from something John does or fails to do, John is likely to lose the election does not. Nor does it suggest anything about the desirability of the outcome from the point of view of either the speaker or the subject. See Usage Note at likely.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/liable ,
usage Both liable and apt when followed by an infinitive are used nearly interchangeably with likely. Although conflicting advice has been given over the years, most current commentators accept apt when so used. They generally recommend limiting liable to situations having an undesirable outcome, and our evidence shows that in edited writing it is more often so used than not.
* When articulating "comprehensibly" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "likely" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "likely" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /S/Ch/abT speaking posture, "very likely" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
And when articulating "likely" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abT speaking posture, "most likely" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
* When articulating "likely" (of adjective) with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "apt" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
And when articulating "apt" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /S/Ch/abT speaking posture, "liable" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
* When articulating "apt" (of adjective) with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/abT speaking posture, "aptly" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
And when articulating "aptly" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /S/Ch/abT speaking posture, "aptness" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
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 routinely, 'in back of' back/up, back/v? capacity, "first lady" noblewoman, retaliative, snug(ly), warmish |
 'aiΛ*o/u/=' imperative/alleviate, wrought/wreak, nuts, vs/v, proceeding(s), formality/solemnities, taunt |
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