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| Name |
 Young-Won Kim |
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| Subject | 'rarely ever', 'couldn't hardly', hard(ly), anticipate/empathy, IOU, insure/complacency, absolute(ness), mum |
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10. "rarely ever" (intensive??)
 http://www.thefreedictionary.com/rarely ,
Usage Note: Strictly speaking, the use of ever after rarely and seldom is redundant; She rarely ever watches television adds nothing to She rarely watches television. In an earlier survey a large majority of the Usage Panel found this construction unacceptable in formal writing. But ever has been used as an intensive with rarely for several hundred years, and the construction is common in informal contexts. By contrast, the constructions rarely (or seldom) if ever and rarely (or seldom) or never are perfectly acceptable: She rarely if ever watches television. She rarely or never watches television. See Usage Notes at hardly, redundancy.
USAGE Since the meaning of rarely is `hardly ever', the combination rarely ever is repetitive and should be avoided in careful writing, even though you may sometimes hear this phrase used in informal speech.
* "rarely ^if^ ever" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced as "rarely ever". (liaison-hole/LH)
And "rarely ^or^ seldom" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced as "rarely seldom".
11. "couldn't hardly" (double negative??)
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/hardly ,
Usage Note: In Standard English, hardly, scarcely, and similar adverbs cannot be used with a negative. The sentence I couldn't hardly see him, for instance, is not acceptable. This violation of the double negative rule is curious because these adverbs are not truly negative in meaning. The sentence Mary hardly laughed means that Mary did laugh a little, not that she kept from laughing altogether, and therefore does not express a negative proposition. But adverbs like hardly and scarcely do share some important features of negative adverbs, even though they may not have purely negative meaning. For one thing, they combine with any and at all, which are characteristically associated with negative contexts. Thus we say I hardly saw him at all or I never saw him at all but not I occasionally saw him at all. Similarly, we say I hardly had any time or I didn't have any time but not I had any time and so on. Like other negative adverbs, hardly triggers inversion of the subject and auxiliary verb when it begins a sentence. Thus we say Hardly had I arrived when she left on the pattern of Never have I read such a book or At no time has he condemned the movement. Other adverbs do not cause this kind of inversion. We would not say Occasionally has he addressed this question or To a slight degree have they changed their position. The fact is that adverbs such as hardly can be said to have a negative meaning in that they minimize the state or event they describe. Thus hardly means "almost not at all"; rarely means "practically never"; and so forth. This is why they cannot be used with another negative such as not or none. See Usage Notes at double negative, rarely, scarcely.
USAGE: Since hardly, scarcely, and barely already have negative force, it is redundant to use another negative in the same clause: he had hardly had (not he hadn't hardly had) time to think; there was scarcely any (not scarcely no) bread left.
http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_/hardly.html ,
Word Usage
Hardly, like barely and scarcely, has a negative force, rendering unnecessary the use of another negative in the clause or sentence: I can [not can't] hardly see you. Note that when and not than is used in any continuation of the sentence: Hardly [or barely or scarcely] had I begun to speak when [not than] she interrupted me. (After no sooner, however, than is correct. No sooner had I begun to speak than [not when] she interrupted me.) Hardly is limited to these special uses; the usual adverb from the adjective hard is also hard: They are all working hard to get ready for their exams.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hardly ,
4 a—used to emphasize a minimal amount <I hardly knew her> <almost new — hardly a scratch on it> b—used to soften a negative <you can't hardly tell who anyone is — G. B. Shaw>
5: certainly not <that news is hardly surprising>
usage Hardly in sense 5 is used sometimes with not for emphasis <just another day at the office? Not hardly>. In sense 4b with a negative verb (as can't, wouldn't, didn't) it does not make a double negative but softens the negative. In “you can't hardly find a red one,” the sense is that you can find a red one, but only with difficulty; in “you can't find a red one,” the sense is that red ones are simply not available. Use of hardly with a negative verb is a speech form; it is most commonly heard in Southern and Midland speech areas. In other speech areas and in all discursive prose, hardly is normally used with a positive <you can hardly find a red one>.
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/scarcely ,
Usage Note: Because scarcely has the force of a negative, its use with another negative, as in I couldn't scarcely believe it, is regarded as incorrect. • A clause following scarcely is correctly introduced by when or before; the use of than, though common, is still unacceptable to some grammarians: The meeting had scarcely begun when (or before but not than) it was interrupted. See Usage Notes at double negative, hardly.
USAGE Since scarcely, hardly, and barely already have negative force, it is unnecessary to use another negative word with them. Therefore, say he had hardly had time to think (not he hadn't hardly had time to think); and there was scarcely any bread left (not there was scarcely no bread left). When scarcely, hardly, and barely are used at the beginning of a sentence, as in scarcely had I arrived, the following clause should start with when: scarcely had I arrived when I was asked to chair a meeting. The word before can be used in place of when in this context, but the word than used in the same way is considered incorrect by many people, though this use is becoming increasingly common.
* When articulating "not hardly" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "hardly" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "not scarcely" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "scarcely" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "not barely" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "barely" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
* "not ^even^ hardly" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced as "not hardly". (liaison-hole/LH)
"not ^even^ scarcely" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced as "not scarcely".
"not ^even^ barely" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced as "not barely".
>> I didn't have any time. (I didn't have time at all.)
Re: Article of "'aΛ=, =aΛ, =ou, Λ=a' purpose'ful'ly, of-choice, alternate, every-cars, of-any, at-all, any-better, any-old" <<Column 9. "of any/all", "at all"/any, some/any-better, "any-old" >>
* I have not, at all, time. >> I have not any time.
I/SCN ^have^ not/PRM any time. >> I do not have any time.
>> "Do you have any time?" (Have you, at all, time?) "if any" (if at all)
* When articulating "at all" (as one word; that is, continuously, without pause) with/from English /P speaking posture, "any" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
Have/PRM ^you^ any/SCN time? >> Do you have any time?
* I/SCN ^had^ hardly/PRM arrived when she left. >> Hardly had I arrived when she left.
I/SCN ^have^ never/PRM read such a book. >> Never have I read such a book.
He/SCN ^has^ (at no time)/PRM condemned the movement. >> At no time has he condemned the movement.
>> Hardly [or barely or scarcely] had I begun to speak when [not than] she interrupted me.
* "- ^when^ -" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced as "not than". (liaison-hole/LH)
>> No sooner had I begun to speak than [not when] she interrupted me.
* When articulating "than" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "not when" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
12. hard(ly)
* When articulating "hardly" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "hard" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
They are all working hard to get ready for their exams.
13. anticipate(d), foresee(n)
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/anticipate ,
Usage Note: Some people hold that anticipate is improperly used as a simple synonym for expect; they would restrict its use to situations in which advance action is taken either to forestall (anticipate her opponent's next move) or to fulfill (anticipate my desires). In earlier surveys, however, a majority of the Usage Panel accepted the use of anticipate to mean "to feel or to realize beforehand" and "to look forward to." The word unanticipated, however, is not established as a synonym for unexpected. Thus 77 percent of the Usage Panel rejected the sentence They always set aside a little extra food for unanticipated guests, inasmuch as guests for whom advance provision has been made cannot be said to be unanticipated, though they may very well be unexpected.
USAGE: The use of anticipate to mean expect should be avoided.
USAGE The Bank of English reveals that the use of anticipate and expect as synonyms is well established. However, although both words relate to a person's knowledge of something that will happen in the future, there are subtle differences in meaning that should be understood when choosing which word to use. Anticipate means that someone foresees an event and has prepared for it, while expect means `to regard something as probable', but does not necessarily suggest the state of being prepared. Similarly, using foresee as a synonym of anticipate, as in they failed to foresee the vast explosion in commercial revenue which would follow, is not entirely appropriate.
http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_/anticipating.html ,
Word Usage
Anticipating trouble:
If you anticipate trouble, it often just means that you are expecting or foreseeing trouble; the word's more traditional meaning is that you are taking steps to prevent trouble, that is, forestalling rather than expecting it. Both these meanings are acceptable; however, some critics object to unanticipated as used in seven unanticipated overnight guests, where unexpected is the preferred choice.
* When articulating "expect" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "anticipate" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "anticipate" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /S/Ch/abT speaking posture, "foresee" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
If articulating [Λaio] from /C1/SS(SPHENOIDAL sinuses), “hopeful”/+-, “optimistic"/+bp, "confident"/+cp, and "assured"/+-/Ch, “looking-forward-to”/Ch/+bp, “anticipating"/Ch/+cp are pronounced.
If articulating [Λaio] from /C2/pES, "hopefully”/+-, “optimistically" /+bp, “confidently”/+cp, and “assuredly/+-/Ch, “sanguinely”/Ch/+bp, “anticipatingly”/Ch/+cp are pronounced.
* When articulating "anticipating" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /S/Ch/abT speaking posture, "anticipated" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "anticipating" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "anticipates" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "anticipatingly" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abT speaking posture, "anticipation" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "anticipates" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abT speaking posture, "anticipative" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "anticipates" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /S/Ch/abT speaking posture, "anticipatively" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "anticipatively" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abT speaking posture, "anticipator" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "anticipatively" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abT speaking posture, "anticipatory" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
* When articulating "foreseeably" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "foreseeability" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "foreseeability" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abT speaking posture, "foresees" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "foresees" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "foreseeable" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "foresees" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abT speaking posture, "foreseeably" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "foresees" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /S/Ch/abT speaking posture, "foresaw" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "foresaw" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abT speaking posture, "foreseen" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "foreseen" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /S/Ch/abT speaking posture, "foreseeing" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
14. empathy/sympathy
* When articulating "sympathy" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /S/Ch/abT speaking posture, "empathy" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "empathy" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/abT speaking posture, "empathize" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "empathy" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "empathic" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "empathy" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abT speaking posture, "empathically" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "empathic" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /S/Ch/abT speaking posture, "empathetic" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "empathetic" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "empathetically" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "empathic" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abT speaking posture, "empathized" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "empathetic" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abT speaking posture, "empathizes" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "empathically" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "empathizing" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
empathise, empathised, empathises, empathising ; GRECOnglish/GC /S forms??
15. IOU
When articulating "debt" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "I owe you" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
16. insure/assure/ensure
http://www.answers.com/topic/assure ,
Usage Note: Assure, ensure, and insure all mean "to make secure or certain." Only assure is used with reference to a person in the sense of "to set the mind at rest": assured the leader of his loyalty. Although ensure and insure are generally interchangeable, only insure is now widely used in American English in the commercial sense of "to guarantee persons or property against risk."
http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_/assure.html ,
Word Usage
assure, ensure, or insure?
You use assure when you are referring to somebody else being made sure about something; insure is used chiefly in connection with insurance (that is, financial protection); ensure is a variant spelling for this but is also used when you are referring to something that you want to be sure of: I assure you it doesn't hurt. She wanted to ensure that it wouldn't hurt. I have insured my jewelry.
* When articulating "ensure" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "assure" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
"insure" is GRECOnglish/GC /S form of "ensure". That is, when articulating "ensure" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /S/Ch/abT speaking posture, "insure" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "assuring" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /S/Ch/abT speaking posture, "assured" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "assures" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /S/Ch/abT speaking posture, "assuredly" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "assurer" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abT speaking posture, "assuredness" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "assuredly" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "assurer" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "assuring" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "assures" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "assuredness" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abT speaking posture, "assuring" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "insure" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abT speaking posture, "insures" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "insures" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "insurable" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "insures" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abT speaking posture, "insurance" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "insurable" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abT speaking posture, "insurances" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "insureds" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abT speaking posture, "insured" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "insurances" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /S/Ch/abT speaking posture, "insureds" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "insurable" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abT speaking posture, "insurer" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
When articulating "insured" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "insurers" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
17. complacency/complacence
* When articulating "complacence" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "complacency" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
[Λaiu/P, /MS/noun] is pronounced as “complacence"/+-, "self-complacency"/+bp, "self-satisfaction"/+cp; and [Λaiu/P/MS/Ch] is pronounced as “self-congratulation"/+-, "satisfaction"/+bp, "smugness"/+cp in the chest (circle) /Ch.
18. absolute(ness)
* When articulating "absoluteness" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /P/Ch/abR speaking posture, "absolute" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
19. mum/beer
http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861631895/mum.html ,
mum [ mum ]
noun
Definition:
strong beer: a strong beer of German origin
[Early 17th century. < German Mumme]
* When articulating "beer" with/from GRECOnglish/GC /S/Ch/abT speaking posture, "mum" is metaphthong/MPh pronounced.
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>> Corrected: [Λai=]/T/MS
unchangeablene-/invariablene-/inalterability/feasibili-/survivab-, grow/vt? workablene-/corrupti-/viciousne-
