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----- Original Message -----
From: ygwnkm
To:
Sent: Saturday, May 31, 2008 12:48 PM
Subject: Stonehenge
I may understand/explain the word (meaning) of "Stonehenge".
I study/write on phonetics and have found correspondences among speaking/languages; that is, if I try to speak "Nippon" with/from English speaking (mouth) posture (more correctly, Phoenician/Canaanite speaking posture), "Japan" is automatically pronounced.
And if I try to speak "Japan" with/from Japanese speaking (mouth) posture, "Nippon" is automatically pronounced.
If I try to speak "Japan" with/from Korean speaking (mouth) posture, "Il-bon/일본(日本)" is automatically pronounced.
If I try to speak "Il-bon" with/from English speaking (mouth) posture, "Japan" is automatically pronounced. And so on.
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English speaking has 3/three speaking postures; English, Cyrillic and Phoenician/Canaanite.
I find the pronunciation of "Stonehenge" is Phoenician/Canaanite word, phonetically. "stone" (without "henge") is English, phonetically.
If I try to speak "Stonehenge" with/from Korean speaking (mouth) posture, "돌무덤[dol mu dΛm]" is automatically pronounced, vice versa.
"돌[dol]" is equivalent to "stone". When I try to speak "돌[dol]" with/from English speaking (mouth) posture(more correctly, Phoenician/Canaanite speaking posture), "rock" is automatically pronounced, vice versa.
"무덤[mu dΛm]" is equivalent to "tomb/grave". When I try to speak "무덤[mu dΛm]" with/from English speaking (mouth) posture(more correctly, Phoenician/Canaanite speaking posture), "grave" is automatically pronounced, vice versa.
Speaking posture has two types of mouth-articulation and chest-articulation.
"grave" is the word of chest-articulation and "henge" is the word of mouth-articulation. If I try to speak "henge" with/from chest-articulation posture, "grave" is automatically pronounced, vice versa.
If I try to speak "henge" with/from English-speaking posture, "cremation" is automatically pronounced, vice versa.
So, "Stonehenge" is phonetically/linguistically equal to "stone tomb" or "stone establishment/facility for cremation".
Young-Won Kim
 ygwnkm@yahoo.co.kr , ygwnkm@hotmail.com ,
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Article: “Why alternative ‘of –‘ for poss. ‘-’s’? woman/gentleman; Gandhara/한국, Parthia/Japan; Korea/Core”.
4. When articulating “高句麗/고구려[go gu r(iΛ)], dynasty of 37/BC ~ 668/AD” from/with English or Phoenician/Canaanite /T posture of both cp/bp on the lowest neck/throat, “Korea” is (metaphthong) pronounced, which is spoken by English-speaking people: And when articulating “高麗/고려[go r(iΛ)], dynasty of 918/AD ~ 1392/AD” from/with Greek (or CLASSICAL Attic) primary /P posture (of cp; Middle between the vocal cords and the lowest neck/throat, shifted/leaned/slanted backward. bp; Low/Front in the mouth), “Core” is (metaphthong) pronounced, which seems to be used by Spanish-speaking people . Most (Korean) people seem to learn/think that the word of “Korea” would have been coined from (not “高句麗/고구려[go gu r(iΛ)]” but) “高麗/고려[go r(iΛ)]”.
5. (Japan/Nippon/)日本/일본[ŋil bon], 韓國/한국[han gug], 百濟/백제[bæg je], 高麗/고려[go r(iΛ)] (Hun/T + ’s/P);
新羅/신라[sin la], 朝鮮/조선[jo sΛn], 扶餘/부여[bu ŋ(iΛ)], 高句麗/고구려[go gu r(iΛ)] (Elam/T + ’s/P);
Bactria; 百濟/백제[bæg je]
Cyrus; 新羅/신라[sin la]
Sogdiana; 高句麗/고구려[go gu r(iΛ)]
* Parthia; (Japan/Nippon/)日本/일본[ŋil bon]
** Gandhara; 韓國/한국[han gug]
Susiana; 扶餘/부여[bu ŋ(iΛ)]
Aria; 朝鮮/조선[jo sΛn]
Cappadocia; 高麗/고려[go r(iΛ)]
Caspian Sea; 渤海/발해[bal hæ].
Aral Sea; 樂浪/낙랑[nag raŋ],
Scythia; 古朝鮮/고조선[go jo sΛn],
Media; 馬韓/마한[ma han],
[Media/T + ’s/P]; 伽倻/가야[ga ŋ(ia)]
That is, when I take Korean primary /P posture of cp on the vocal CORDS and bp front/low in the mouth and then articulate “Parthia” (of Phoenician/Canaanite /T), “日本/일본[ŋil bon]” of Korean is (automatically/metaphthong) spoken/pronounced. If I take Japanese primary /P posture of cp on the vocal CORDS and bp between the vocal CORDS and the lowest neck/throat and then articulate “Parthia”, “Nippon” is (automatically/metaphthong) spoken/pronounced. And if I take English/CYRILLIC secondary /C2 posture of cp on the vocal CORDS, much shifted/leaned/slanted backward and bp between the lower/front teeth and then articulate “Parthia” (of Phoenician/Canaanite /T), “Japan” is (automatically/metaphthong) spoken/pronounced. Vice versa And so on.
“韓國/한국[han gug], 百濟/백제[bæg je], 高麗/고려[go r(iΛ)], 新羅/신라[sin la], 朝鮮/조선[jo sΛn], 扶餘/부여[bu ŋ(iΛ)], 高句麗/고구려[go gu r(iΛ)], 渤海/발해[bal hæ, 樂浪/낙랑[nag raŋ], 古朝鮮/고조선[go jo sΛn], 馬韓/마한[ma han], 伽倻/가야[ga ŋ(ia)]” are historical dynasty/nations (of Korean) in the Korean peninsula (and its neighbor).
6. Japan; 왜(倭)[ŋ(oæ)]/[ŋ(oai)]:
History record/says that ancient Koreans (and Chinese) called Japan as “왜(倭)[ŋ(oæ)]/[ŋ(oai)]”. When I speak/pronounce “왜(倭)[ö]/[ŋö]/[ŋ(oæ)]/[ŋ(oai)]” (in the meaning of “Japan”), I (can) find that I unconsciously/automatically take (English) Tertiary (that is, Phoenician/Canaanite) /T posture of both cp/bp on the lowest neck/throat. If I take Korean primary /P posture of cp on the vocal CORDS and bp on the lowest neck/throat and then articulate “왜(倭)[ŋ(oæ)]/[ŋ(oai)]”, English “island”-equivalent “섬[sΛm]” of Korean is (automatically/metaphthong) spoken/pronounced. And if I take English/CYRILLIC secondary /C2 posture of cp on the vocal CORDS, much shifted/leaned/slanted backward and bp between the lower/front teeth and then articulate “왜(倭)[ŋ(oæ)]/[ŋ(oai)]”, English “island” is (automatically/metaphthong) spoken/pronounced.
If I take Korean primary /P posture of cp on the vocal CORDS and bp on the lowest neck/throat and then articulate “island”, English “island”-equivalent “섬[sΛm]” of Korean is (automatically/metaphthong) spoken/pronounced; vice versa.
So, I (can) conclude that “왜(倭)[ŋ(oæ)]/[ŋ(oai)]” is/was (not original Korean/Chinese word but) a loan word (to Korea/Chinese) from Phoenician/Canaanite, which equal/means “island”.
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g. ayala@shef.ac.uk,j. barrett@shef.ac.uk,d.j. bennet@shef.ac.uk, archaeology@shef.ac.uk,p.m. carroll@shef.ac.uk,a. chamberlain@shef.ac.uk,m.p. charles@shef.ac.uk,j.r. collis@shef.ac.uk,p.m. day@shef.ac.uk,r. dennell@shef.ac.uk,r. doonan@shef.ac.uk,d.m. hadley@shef.ac.uk,p. halstead@shef.ac.uk,c.m. jackson@shef.ac.uk,r. johnston@shef.ac.uk,g. jones@shef.ac.uk,k.l. kuykendall@shef.ac.uk,j. moreland@shef.ac.uk,p. nystrom@shef.ac.uk,m. parker-pearson@shef.ac.uk,p. pettitt@shef.ac.uk,j. rempel@shef.ac.uk,h. willmott@shef.ac.uk,m. zvelebil@shef.ac.uk,u. albarella@shef.ac.uk,c. longford@shef.ac.uk,patrick. quinn@shef.ac.uk,a. lukes@shef.ac.uk,p. mahoney@shef.ac.uk,t. pirnie@shef.ac.uk,j. vroom@shef.ac.uk,s. colledge@ucl.ac.uk,s. davy@shef.ac.uk,Rachel. Giles@umist.ac.uk,s. sherratt@shef.ac.uk,c. merrony@shef.ac.uk,
e. dabrowska@shef.ac.uk,n.g. duffield@shef.ac.uk,g.r. ferguson@shef.ac.uk,S. Fitzmaurice@sheffield.ac.uk,j. gavins@shef.ac.uk,k. gil@shef.ac.uk,j. hodson@sheffield.ac.uk,m.h. jones@shef.ac.uk,a.r. linn@shef.ac.uk,a. matsuo@sheffield.ac.uk,a.k. monaghan@sheffield.ac.uk,e. moore@sheffield.ac.uk,p.a. shaw@sheffield.ac.uk,r.d. steadman-jones@sheffield.ac.uk,g. walker@sheffield.ac.uk,
ina. berg@manchester.ac.uk ; piotr.a. bienkowski@manchester.ac.uk ; stuart. campbell@manchester.ac.uk ; e. casella@manchester.ac.uk ; chantal. conneller@manchester.ac.uk ; lindy. crewe@manchester.ac.uk ; melanie. giles@manchester.ac.uk ; tim. insoll@manchester.ac.uk ; sian. jones@manchester.ac.uk ; maria. kostoglou@manchester.ac.uk ; kevin. lane@manchester.ac.uk ; frances. pritchard@manchester.ac.uk ; colins.c. richards@manchester.ac.uk ; julian. thomas@manchester.ac.uk ; maciej. baranowski@manchester.ac.uk ; martin. barry@manchester.ac.uk ; paul. bennett@manchester.ac.uk ; r. bermudez-otero@manchester.ac.uk ; kersti. borjars@manchester.ac.uk ; david. denison@manchester.ac.uk ; bethwyn. evans@manchester.ac.uk ; martina. faller@manchester.ac.uk ; kristine. hildebrandt@manchester.ac.uk ; andrewkg@manchester.ac.uk ; yaron. matras@manchester.ac.uk ; john. payne@manchester.ac.uk ; alan.k. scott@manchester.ac.uk ; eva. schultze-berndt@manchester.ac.uk ; harold. somers@manchester.ac.uk ; nigel. vincent@manchester.ac.uk ; phillip. wallage@manchester.ac.uk ; rob.o' connor@manchester.ac.uk ; nuria. yanez-bouza@manchester.ac.uk
http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/05/30/europe/druid.php
Stonehenge seen as monument to dead from the start
By John Noble Wilford Published: May 30, 2008
At least part of the mystery of Stonehenge may have now been solved: It was from the beginning a monument to the dead.
New radiocarbon dates from human cremation burials among and around the brooding stones on Salisbury Plain in England indicate that the site was used as a cemetery from 3000 B.C. until after the monuments were erected around 2500 B.C., British archaeologists reported Thursday.
What appeared to be the head of a stone mace, a symbol of authority, was found in one grave, the archaeologists said, indicating that this was probably a cemetery for the ruling dynasty responsible for erecting Stonehenge.
"It's now clear that burials were a major component of Stonehenge in all its main stages," said Dr. Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at the University of Sheffield in England.
Some scholars have contended that the enigmatic stones, surrounded by a ditch and earthen banks in concentric circles, more than likely marked a sacred place of healing. The idea is at least as old as medieval literature, which also includes stories of Stonehenge as a memorial to the dead. So there could be an element of truth to both hypotheses, experts say.
Some scholars have contended that the enigmatic stones, surrounded by a ditch and earthen banks in concentric circles, more than likely marked a sacred place of healing. The idea is at least as old as medieval literature, which also includes stories of Stonehenge as a memorial to the dead. So there could be an element of truth to both hypotheses, experts say.
In a teleconference with reporters, arranged by the National Geographic Society, Parker Pearson described three burials of burned bones and teeth that were dated in recent weeks. Researchers estimated that up to 240 people were buried there, all as cremation deposits.
Other evidence from the British Isles shows that skeletal burials were rare at this time and that cremation was the custom for the elite.
Another Sheffield archaeologist, Andrew Chamberlain, noted one reason to think that the Stonehenge burials were for generations of a single elite family. The clue, he said, is the small number of burials in the earliest period and the larger numbers in later centuries, as offspring would have multiplied.
Given the monumental surroundings, Parker Pearson said, "one has to assume anyone buried there had some good credentials."
The earliest burial to be tested came from a pit at the edge of the stone monuments; it dates to more or less 3000 B.C. The second burial dates to around 2900 B.C. The most recent one is from around the time the first arrangements of stones appeared on the plain, about 2500 B.C. It was previously believed that the site was a burial ground for only a century after 2700 B.C., well before the distinctive large stones were put in place.
Parker Pearson said finding other datable burials was "a huge priority" of the Stonehenge Riverside Project, which has been excavating the site since 2003. The National Geographic Society is a supporter of the research.
Although most of the cremated remains were uncovered decades ago, Parker Pearson said, it is only in recent years that improved methods of radiocarbon dating have made it possible to analyze burned bones.
In other recent findings at Stonehenge and adjacent sites, archaeologists uncovered a piece of a red-deer antler that was apparently used as a pick for digging. It was found in what is known as the Stonehenge Greater Cursus, a cigar-shaped ditched enclosure nearly two miles long that is thought to have a sacred significance.
Julian Thomas, an archaeologist at the University of Manchester, who led this investigation, said the antler was dated at 3630 to 3375 B.C. That puts the cursus about 1,000 years before the large stones were erected, meaning, he said, that "this landscape maintains its significance over a long period of time."
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Q & A between cognitive linguistics/etc. and phonetics.
>> Dr. Mike Parker Pearson
